some facts

Coronary artery disease is the single largest cause of morbidity amongst all diseases so much so that it has been classified as having reached pandemic proportions by none less than the WHO (World Health Organisation).
http://fmge.co.cc
Over 7,0000,000 Indians have heart related diseases
1 in 3 adults, both men and women, has some form of cardiovascular disease.
In 90% of adult victims of sudden cardiac death, two or more major coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked.
http://fmge.co.cc
Brain death and permanent death start to occur in just 4-6 minutes after someone experiences cardiac arrest.
It is in the early or initial stage that the heart disease is almost certainly treatable.
The heart and brain muscles are the ones which cannot be revived once dead.
The cardiac 64 CT scan provides 3D images of the heart so detailed that the heart disease can be detected at a very early stage.
http://fmge.co.cc

Mnemonics -Easy way to remember difficult things
Hai guys
here i am giving you some Mnemonics they are sub wise use them they really help
if you find them useful let me know pls


Anatomy Mnemonics
Bones of the Wrist
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle Branches of the Brachial Plexus (In order from most lateral to most medial)
My Aunt Raped My Uncle

Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar

Slowly Lower Tilly's Pants To The Curly Hairs

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Brachial Plexus
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

Branches of the Brachial Plexus (In order from most lateral to most medial)
My Aunt Raped My Uncle

Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar

Extraocularmotor muscles
LR6 (SO4) LR6: Lateral rectus --> VI abductens
SO4: Superior Oblique --> IV Trochlear
All other extraocularmotor muscles are CN III

Branches of the Facial Nerve
Ten Zebras Bought My Car

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Masseteric, Cervical

Innervation of phrenic nerve
c345 keeps the phrenic alive
c345 keep the diaphragm alive


Long thoracic nerve innervates serratus anterior
c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven


Relationship of Thorasic duct to Esophagous and Azygous
The duck is between two gooses.
duck = thoracic duct 2 gooses = azyGOUS and esophaGOUS


Attachments of Pectoralis Major, Teres Major and Latissimus Drosi
A lady between tow majors.
Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove, the teres major attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove, and the latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital groove. The "lati" is between two "majors."


Innervation of the Penis
Parasympathetic puts it up; sympathetic spurts it out.
Point Shoot Score
Parasympathetic, sympathetic, somatomotor


Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve
Lateral is less, medial is more.
Lateral pectoral nerves goes through pectoralis major while medial pn goes though both pectoral major and minor.

Dentition: eruption times of permanent dentition
"Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine":
1st Molar: 6 years
1st Incisor: 7 years
2nd Incisor: 8 years
1st Premolar: 9 years
2nd Premolar: 10 years
Canine: 11 years
2nd Molar: 12 years
3rd Molar: 18-25 years


Layers of the epidermis
Grand son grate living Child.
Brent Spiner Gained Lieutenant Commander
Germinativum or Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum



Tarsal bones
"Tall Californian Navy Medcial Interns Lay Cuties":
• In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial to lateral): Talus Calcanous Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneifrom Cuboid

Bronchopulmonary segments of right lung
"A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm":
• In order from superior to inferior: Apical Posterior Anterior Lateral Medial Superior Medial basal Anterior basal Lateral basal Posterior basal

Head & Neck
CRANIAL NERVES: I-Optic, II-Olfactory, III-Oculomotor, IV-Trochlear, V-Trigeminal, VI-Abducens, VII-Facial, VIII-Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear), IX-Glossophrayngeal, X-Vagus, XI-Spinal Accessory, XII-Hypoglossal
On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops (older and cleaner)
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel A Girls Vagina And Hymen (newer and, well ...)

Which cranial nerve is Sensory, Motor, or Both- Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Breasts Matter More

BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE: Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical
Ten Zebras Beat My Cock
Two Zulus buggered my cat –(for the sicker, amongst you!)

You have I nose. You have II eyes. (I - Olfactory; II -- Optic)

Exit of branches of trigeminal nerve from the skull S
Standing Room Only -
V1 -Superior orbital fissure, V2 -foramen Rotundum, V3 -foramen Ovale



For the order of nerves that pass through the superior orbital fissure:
"Lazy French Tarts Lie Naked in Anticipation."
(Lacrimal, Frontal, Trochlear, Lateral, Nosociliary, Internal,
Abducens)

2 Muscle of mastication- Lateral Lowers- lateral pterygoid is the one that opens the jaw
4 Muscles of Mastication MTPP( which could be read as "Empty Peepee") -masseter, temporal, lateral and medial pterygoids --


Arteries as they come off the external carotid:
Some Angry Lady Figured out PMS
Superior thyroid, Ascending pharyngeal, Lingual, Facial, Occipital, Post Auricular, Superficial temporal, Maxillary

Innervation of Extraocular motor Muscles: LR6 SO4 3
LR6--Lateral rectus--> VI abductens
SO4--Superior Oblique--> IV Trochlear
3--The remaining 4 eyeball movers = III Oculomotor

ABC'S of the aortic arch!
Aortic arch gives off the Bracheiocephalic trunk,
the left Common Carotid, and the left
Subclavian artery

BRACHIAL PLEXUS: Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches
Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer.

CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES:
c345 keeps the phrenic alive (innervation of phrenic nerve) c345 keep the diaphragm alive (innervation of diaphragm)
c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven (nerve roots of long thoracic nerve innervate serratus anterior)


Cranial Bones
Annoying, aren't they?
The cranial bones are the PEST OF 6...

Parietal, Ethmoid,Sphenoid,Temporal,Occipital,Frontal- 6 ? (6-the number of bones!)
( another one) Old People From Texas Eat Spiders.


LOCATION OF THORACIC DUCT: The duck is between two gooses (duck = thoracic duct) 2 gooses = azyGOUS and esophaGOUS


Cartilages of the Larynx - There are 4 cartilages in the larynx whose initial letters are TEAC (also the brandname of a home stereo).
Thyroid, Epiglottis, Arytenoid, Cricoid


Abdomen-Pelvis

INNERVATION OF PENIS:
Parasympathetic puts it up; sympathetic spurts it out
Point , Shoot, Score! (erection, emmision ,ejaculation) Parasympathetic, Sympathetic , Somatomotor
"S2, 3, 4 keep the penis off the floor" Innervation of the penis by branches of the pudental nerve, derived from spinal cord levels S2-4

Structures perforating the esophagus
"At T8 you see, perforates the IVC" (inferior Vena Cava)
the "EsoVagus" pierce T10 (esophagus, vagus nerve)
T12 - red, white and blue (aorta,thoracic duct,azygous vein)

Femoral Sheath (lateral to medial) order of things in thigh -NAVEL
Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty, Space, Lymphatics

Radial n. innervates the BEST!!!!
Brachioradialis
Extensors
Supinator
Triceps

Course of Ureters
Water runs under the bridge (uterine a. and ductus deferens)

Carotid Sheath-- VAN
Internal Jugular Vein
Common carotid Artery
Vagus Nerve

Dermatomes
C3 is a high turtleneck shirt
T4 is at the nipple
L1 is at the inguinal ligament (or L1 is IL -Inguinal ligament)
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer--Brachial plexus
Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer
Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

Bones of the wrist -Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium,
Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

1. Slowly Lower Tilly's Pants To The Curly Hairs
2. Swifty Lower Tilly's Pants to try coitus here. (the risque version)
3.Scared Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle. (Classic version)


Pelvic Diaphragm
PICOLO(A) -Posterior to anterior
PIriformis
COccygeus
Levator Ani


Pelvic Splanchic-Parasympathetic
Sacral Splanchic-Sympathetic


Armies travel over bridges, the Navy travels under.
(Bridge is the ligament...reference to suprascapular artery and nerve.)


Pad, dab. Dorsal ABduct...Palmar ADduct...interosseous muscles of hand/foot.


Layers of the epidermis-Germinativum or Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

Grandpa Shagging Grandma's Love Child.

Limbic System- the 5 F’s- Feeding, Fighting, Feeling, Flight and making babiesing



The 5 sphincters found in the Alimentary Canal are APE OIL:
Anal, Pyloric, Lower Esophogeal, Oddi, and Ileocecum.


The branches of the Axillary Artery are: Sally Thompson Loves Sex And Pot pie.
Superior Thoracic, Thoracoacromial, Lateral Thoracic, Subscapular, Anterior Circumflex Humeral, Posterior Circumflex Humeral, and Profunda Brachii.



TIRE- four abdominal muscles -- transversus, internal oblique, rectus abdominus, and external oblique

Anesthesia Mnemonics



Spinal anesthesia agents
"Little Boys Prefer Toys":
Lidocaine
Bupivicaine
Procaine
Tetracaine



Xylocaine: where not to use with epinephrine
"Nose, Hose, Fingers and Toes"
• Vasoconstrictive effects of xylocaine with epinephrine are helpful in providing hemostasis while suturing. However, may cause local ischemic necrosis in distal structures such as the digits, tip of nose, penis, ears.



General anaesthesia: equipment check prior to inducing
MALES:
Masks
Airways
Laryngoscopes
Endotracheal tubes
Suction/ Stylette, bougie



Endotracheal intubation: diagnosis of poor bilateral breath sounds after intubation
DOPE:
Displaced (usually right mainstem, pyreform fossa, etc.)
Obstruction (kinked or bitten tube, mucuous plug, etc.)
Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
Esophagus



Anesthesia machine/room check
MS MAID:
Monitors (EKG, SpO2, EtCO2, etc)
Suction
Machine check (according to ASA guidelines)
Airway equipment (ETT, laryngoscope, oral/nasal airway)
IV equipment
Drugs (emergency, inductions, NMBs, etc)



Anesthesia: quick check
SOAP:
Suction
Oxygen
Airway
Pharmacology


Anesthetics equipment check
MISMADE:
Machine check
IV supplies
Suction
Monitors
Airways
Drugs
Equipment



Failed intubation: causes
INTUBATION:
Infections of larynx
Neck mobility abnormalities
Teeth abnormalites (eg poor dentifom, loose and protuberant teeth)
Upper airway abnormalities, strictures, or swellings
Bullsneck deformities
Ankylosing spondylitis
Trauma/ TumourInexperienceOedema of upper airwayNarrowing of lower airway



Respiratory complications of anaesthesia: patients at risk
COUPLES:
COPD
Obese
Upper abdominal surgery
Prolonged bed rest
Long surgery
Elderly
Smokers
Biochemistry Mnemonics

Essential Amino Acids
PriVaTe TIM HALL
Phe, Val, Thr, Trp, Ile, Met, His, Arg, Leu, Lys


Urea Cycle
Ordinarily, Careless Crappers, Are Also Frivolous About Urination.
Ornithine, Carbamoyl, Citrulline, Arginosuccinate, Aspartate, Fumarate, Arginine, Urea.


Cell division
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
"People Meet And Talk."


In the Phasted State
Phosphorylate Phosphorylation cascade active when blood glucose low.
DNA expression into mature mRNA
Exons expressed, Introns in the trash.
Pyrimidines are CUT from purines.
Pyrimidines are Cytosine, Uracil, Thiamine and are one ring structures.
Purines are double ring structures.

Amino Acids:The ten essential amino acids:
"These Ten Valuable Amino Acids Have Long Preserved Life In
Man."
(Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Arginine, Histidine, Lysine,
Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine)



GOAT FLAP- Eight hormones: Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Adenocorticotropin, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Follicle stimulating hormone, Leutinizing hormone (interstitial cell stimulating hormone in males), Anti-diruetic(Vasopressin), and Prolactin
(shhhh.... also Melatonin!)