Most Common's in medical science

Most Common's in medical science
1° Tumor arising from bone in adults
· Multiple Myeloma
Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Adults
· Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Children
· Neuroblastoma
Bacterial Meningitis – adults
· Neisseria meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis – elderly
· Strep pneumoniae
Bacterial Meningitis – newborns
· E. coli
Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers
· Hib
Bone Tumors
· Metasteses from Breast & Prostate
Brain Tumor – Child
· Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Brain Tumor –Adult
· Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
Breast Carcinoma
· Invasive Duct Carcinoma
Breast Mass
· Fibrocystic Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)
Bug in Acute Endocarditis
· Staph aureus
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt
· Klebsiella
Bug in Epiglottitis
· Hib
Bug in GI Tract
· Bacteroides (2nd – E. coli)
Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia
· Staph aureus
Bug in PID
· N. Gonnorrhoeae
Bug in Subacute Endocarditis
· Strep Viridans
Cardiac 1° Tumor – Adults
· Myxoma “Ball Valve”
Cardiac 1° Tumor – Child
· Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Tumor – Adults
· Metasteses
Cardiomyopathy
· Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
Cause of 2° HTN
· Renal Disease
Cause of Addison’s
· Autoimmune (2nd – infection)
Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
· 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (then, 11-)
Cause of Cushings
· Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1° ­ ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
Cause of death in Alzheimer pts
· Pneumonia
Cause of death in Diabetics
· MI
Cause of Death in SLE pts.
· Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)
Cause of Dementia
· Alzheimer’s
Cause of Dementia (2nd most common)
· Multi-Infarct Dementia
Cause of food poisoning
· Staph aureus
Cause of mental retardation
· Down’s
Cause of mental retardation (2nd most common)
· Fragile X
Cause of preventable blindness
· Chlamydia
Cause of Pulmonary HTN
· COPD
Cause of SIADH
· Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Chromosomal disorder
· Down’s
Congenital cardiac anomaly
· VSD (membranous > muscular)
Congenital early cyanosis
· Tetralogy of Fallot
Coronary Artery thrombosis
· LAD
Demyelinating Disease
· Multiple Sclerosis
Dietary Deficiency
· Iron
Disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS
· CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)
Esophageal cancer
· SCCA
Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians
· Cystic Fibrosis
Female Tumor
· Leimyoma
Form of Amyloidosis
· Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)
Form of Tularemia
· Ulceroglandular
Gynecologic malignancy
· Endometrial Carcinoma
Heart Murmur
· Mitral Valve Prolapse
Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis
· Mitral
Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users
· Tricuspid
Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever
· Mitral then Aortic
Hereditary Bleeding Disorder
· Von Willebrand’s Disease
Liver 1° Tumor
· Hepatoma
Liver Disease
· Alcoholic Liver Disease
Location of Adult brain tumors
· Above Tentorium
Location of Childhood brain tumors
· Below Tentorium
Lysosomal Storage Disease
· Gaucher’s
Motor Neuron Disease
· ALS
Neoplasm – Child
· Leukemia
Neoplasm – Child (2nd most common)
· Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)
Nephrotic Syndrome
· Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
· PCP
Ovarian Malignancy
· Serous Cystadenoma
Ovarian Tumor
· Hamartoma
Pancreatic Tumor
· Adeno (usually in the head)
Patient with ALL / CLL / AML / CML
· ALL - Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50
Patient with Goodpasture’s
· Young male
Patient with Reiter’s
· Male
Pituitary Tumor
· Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
· Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
Pt. With Hodgkin’s
· Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type – Female)
Pt. With Minimal Change Disease
· Young Child
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
· Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure
Sexually transmitted disease
· Chlamydia
Site of Diverticula
· Sigmoid Colon
Site of metastasis
· Regional Lymph Nodes
Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
· Liver
Sites of atherosclerosis
· Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Skin Cancer
· Basal Cell Carcinoma
Stomach cancer
· Adeno
Testicular Tumor
· Seminoma
Thyroid Cancer
· Papillary Carcinoma
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
· Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouch
Tumor of Infancy
· Hemangioma
Type of Hodkin’s
· Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)
Type of Non-Hodgkin’s
· Follicular, small cleaved
Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries)
· Temporal Arteritis
Viral Encephalitis
· HSV